statistics
mean
also: averageSum of values divided by their count.
moyenne
Somme des valeurs divisée par leur nombre.
Classification
- statistics
Attestation
- French term: Bertin, Sémiologie graphique, 1967
- English definition: ggplot2 reference
Sources (136)
5257 occurrences in the corpus; indexed by 13 books
Show the 136 sources
- 100 diagrams that changed the world: from the earliest cave paintings to the innovation...
- A field guide to digital color
- analysisfunction.civilservice.gov.uk
- Applied Multivariate Statistics in R
- Atlas of knowledge: anyone can map
- Audric, de Bellefon & Durieux, « Analyse spatiale descriptive », Manuel d'analyse spatiale (Insee Méthodes n° 131), 2018
- Ault, Nam Liao & Musolino, Principles of Data Science, OpenStax, 2025
- Barnier, Introduction à R et au tidyverse
- Beautiful evidence
- Bertin, Sémiologie graphique, 1967
- Better data visualizations: a guide for scholars, researchers, and wonks
- blog.datawrapper.de↗
- Bremer & Barone, Chart, CRC Press, 2025
- Brilliant Maps for Curious Minds: 100 New Ways to See the World (Maps for Curious Minds)
- Building Science Graphics: An Illustrated Guide to Communicating Science through Diagra...
- buildingsciencegraphics.com
- Cartographies of Time
- Cartography: thematic map design
- Ciccione & Dehaene, The Neural Bases of Graphical Perception: A Novel Instance of Cultural Recycling?, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2026↗
- Ciccione et al., Can Non-Human Primates Extract the Linear Trend from a Noisy Scatterplot?, iScience, 2025↗
- Ciccione et al., The Superiority of Graphics over Text in Long-Term Memory Retention, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2025↗
- Ciccione et al., Trend Judgment as a Perceptual Building Block of Graphicacy and Mathematics, Scientific Reports, 2023↗
- Ciccione, « The Perception and Understanding of Patterns and Graphics », colloque Seeing the Mind, Educating the Brain, Collège de France, 2025↗
- Ciccione, Dehaene & Dehaene, Outlier Detection and Rejection in Scatterplots, JEP: Human Perception and Performance, 2023↗
- Ciccione, Sablé-Meyer & Dehaene, Analyzing the Misperception of Exponential Growth in Graphs, Cognition, 2022↗
- Computational statistics in data science
- Cook & Laa, Interactively Exploring High-Dimensional Data and Models in R, Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2026
- Data Feminism
- Data fluency: empowering your organization with effective data communication
- Data points: visualization that means something
- Data sketches
- Data story: explain data and inspire action through story
- Data Visualisation Guide, data.europa.eu
- Data visualisation: a handbook for data driven design
- Data visualization handbook
- Data visualization literacy: Definitions, conceptual frameworks, exercises, and assessm...
- Data visualization: a practical introduction
- Data-driven storytelling
- dataphys.org
- datavis.ca↗
- datavizf24.classes.andrewheiss.com↗
- datavizindex.fr
- datawrapper.de↗
- Dear data
- Dehaene, “The Perception of Graphics: A New Instance of Neuronal Recycling”, lecture course at the Collège de France, 2025 (in French)↗
- Design for information: an introduction to the histories, theories, and best practices ...
- Effective data storytelling: how to drive change with data, narrative, and visuals
- Effective data visualization: the right chart for the right data
- Elavsky, Chartability: POUR-CAF accessibility heuristics
- Envisioning information
- Exploratory Data Analysis: Descriptive Analysis, Visualization, and Dashboard Design (w...
- Focus+context display and navigation techniques for enhancing radial, space-filling hie...
- French Wikipedia↗
- French Wikipedia — Visualisation de données
- Friendly & Wainer, A History of Data Visualization and Graphic Communication, Harvard University Press, 2021
- Fundamentals of computer graphics
- ggplot2 reference
- Giraud & Pecout, Géomatique et cartographie avec R
- Graphic presentation
- Graphical Perception: Theory, Experimentation, and Application to the Development of Gr...
- Graphics for learning: proven guidelines for planning, designing, and evaluating visual...
- Grosjean & Engels, Science des données biologiques I-III (University of Mons)
- Handling and mapping geographic information
- How charts lie: getting smarter about visual information
- How maps work: representation, visualization, and design
- How to lie with statistics
- Impossible to ignore: creating memorable content to influence decisions
- Info we trust: how to inspire the world with data
- Information graphics
- Information Graphics: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference
- Information theory tools for visualization
- Insee, Guide de sémiologie graphique, édition 2017↗
- Interactive data visualization: foundations, techniques, and applications
- jfly.uni-koeln.de
- L’Atlas Molière
- La graphique et le traitement graphique de l'information
- Lagarenne, Minodier & Samson, « Comment présenter nos données pour mieux communiquer ? La datavisualisation : synthèse et simplicité », Courrier des statistiques n° 10 (Insee), 2023↗
- Larmarange et al., analyse-R: introduction to survey analysis with R
- Larmarange, guide-R: analysing survey data with R
- Les fondamentaux de la visualisation de données
- LibreTexts Statistics, textbook chapters on charts
- Living in data: a citizen's guide to a better information
- Magrit user manual, French version (UAR RIATE, CNRS)
- Making and Breaking the Grid, Third Edition
- Making numbers count: the art and science of communicating numbers
- Manuel de datavisualisation - 2e éd, vol. 2
- Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visua...
- More Practical Charts
- Nature, formatting guide↗
- Open Visualization Academy, courses and newsletter (Cairo et al.)
- Parallel sets: visual analysis of categorical data
- PBIL biostatistics notes (Chessel, Dufour, Thioulouse et al., Lyon 1)
- Practical charts: the essential guide to creating clear, compelling charts for reports ...
- Progressive Data Analysis: Roadmap and Research Agenda
- QCBS R Workshop Series, French version (Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science)
- Questions in Dataviz: A Design-Driven Process for Data Visualisation
- Rakotomalala, statistics course notes (Université Lyon 2)
- Seeing with fresh eyes: meaning, space, data, truth
- Semiologie graphique: les diagrammes, les réseaux, les cartes.
- Semiology of graphics: diagrams, networks, maps
- Show me the numbers: designing tables and graphs to enlighten
- sronpersonalpages.nl
- StatsLearn, “Graphs and displays” glossary↗
- Storytelling with data: let's practice!
- The art of insight: how great visualization designers think
- The big book of dashboards: visualizing your data using real-world business scenarios
- The book of circles: visualizing spheres of knowledge
- The book of trees: visualizing branches of knowledge
- The elements of graphing data
- The elements of typographic style
- The functional art: an introduction to information graphics and visualization
- The golden age of data visualization: how did we get here?
- The grammar of graphics
- The infographic history of the world
- The Minard System: The Complete Statistical Graphics of Charles-Joseph Minard
- The Oxford Handbook of Empirical Aesthetics
- The Truthful Art: Data, Charts, and Maps for Communication
- The visual display of quantitative information
- The Wall Street journal guide to information graphics: the dos and don'ts of presenting...
- Thematic Cartography and Geovisualization
- UMATO: Bridging Local and Global Structures for Reliable Visual Analytics With Dimensio...
- utilitR, collaborative R documentation (Insee)
- Visual complexity: mapping patterns of information
- Visual explanations: images and quantities, evidence and narrative
- Visual strategies for biological data
- Visualization Analysis and Design
- Visualization of Time-Oriented Data
- Visualize This
- Visualizing Uncertainty About the Future
- Visualizing with text
- Wickham, Çetinkaya-Rundel & Grolemund, R for Data Science, 2nd ed., 2023
- Wickham, Navarro & Pedersen, ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, 3rd ed. online↗
- Wikipedia — Data and information visualization
- Wikipedia in English↗
- Wilke, Fundamentals of Data Visualization, O'Reilly, 2019
- xkcd.com↗
Cite this entry
Stable addresshttps://dataviz.adrientaudiere.com/en/term/mean.html
ReferenceTaudière Adrien. 2026. mean. In Visualization Vocabulary, version 1.0.0. IdEst. https://dataviz.adrientaudiere.com/en/term/mean.html
BibTeX
@incollection{taudiere2026-mean,
author = {Taudière, Adrien},
title = {mean},
booktitle = {Visualization Vocabulary},
year = {2026},
version = {1.0.0},
publisher = {IdEst},
url = {https://dataviz.adrientaudiere.com/en/term/mean.html},
note = {CC0 1.0}
}Page created on 2026-10-13. Text last changed on 2026-10-13. Numbers computed on 2026-10-22.