data
raw data
Data as collected before any processing.
données brutes
Données telles que collectées avant tout traitement.
Classification
- data
Attestation
- French term: Kirk, Data Visualisation, 2nd ed., 2019
Sources (71)
257 occurrences in the corpus; indexed by 1 book
Show the 71 sources
- A field guide to digital color
- Applied Multivariate Statistics in R
- Atlas of knowledge: anyone can map
- Ault, Nam Liao & Musolino, Principles of Data Science, OpenStax, 2025
- Barnier, Introduction à R et au tidyverse
- Beautiful evidence
- Bremer & Barone, Chart, CRC Press, 2025
- Building Science Graphics: An Illustrated Guide to Communicating Science through Diagra...
- Cartographies of Time
- Cartography: thematic map design
- cedricscherer.com↗
- Computational statistics in data science
- Data Feminism
- Data fluency: empowering your organization with effective data communication
- Data points: visualization that means something
- Data sketches
- Data story: explain data and inspire action through story
- Data Visualisation Guide, data.europa.eu
- Data visualisation: a handbook for data driven design
- Data visualization handbook
- Data visualization: a practical introduction
- Data-driven storytelling
- dataphys.org
- Dehaene, “The Perception of Graphics: A New Instance of Neuronal Recycling”, lecture course at the Collège de France, 2025 (in French)↗
- Effective data storytelling: how to drive change with data, narrative, and visuals
- Effective data visualization: the right chart for the right data
- Envisioning information
- Exploratory Data Analysis: Descriptive Analysis, Visualization, and Dashboard Design (w...
- French Wikipedia↗
- Friendly & Wainer, A History of Data Visualization and Graphic Communication, Harvard University Press, 2021
- Fundamentals of computer graphics
- Grosjean & Engels, Science des données biologiques I-III (University of Mons)
- Handling and mapping geographic information
- How to lie with statistics
- Info we trust: how to inspire the world with data
- Information graphics
- Information Graphics: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference
- Information theory tools for visualization
- Interactive data visualization: foundations, techniques, and applications
- Kirk, Data Visualisation, 2nd ed., 2019
- Larmarange et al., analyse-R: introduction to survey analysis with R
- Larmarange, guide-R: analysing survey data with R
- Les fondamentaux de la visualisation de données
- LibreTexts Statistics, textbook chapters on charts
- Magrit user manual, French version (UAR RIATE, CNRS)
- Manuel de datavisualisation - 2e éd, vol. 2
- Nature, formatting guide↗
- Open Visualization Academy, courses and newsletter (Cairo et al.)
- PBIL biostatistics notes (Chessel, Dufour, Thioulouse et al., Lyon 1)
- Progressive Data Analysis: Roadmap and Research Agenda
- QCBS R Workshop Series, French version (Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science)
- Rakotomalala, statistics course notes (Université Lyon 2)
- Semiology of graphics: diagrams, networks, maps
- Show me the numbers: designing tables and graphs to enlighten
- The big book of dashboards: visualizing your data using real-world business scenarios
- The functional art: an introduction to information graphics and visualization
- The golden age of data visualization: how did we get here?
- The grammar of graphics
- The Minard System: The Complete Statistical Graphics of Charles-Joseph Minard
- The Truthful Art: Data, Charts, and Maps for Communication
- The Wall Street journal guide to information graphics: the dos and don'ts of presenting...
- Thematic Cartography and Geovisualization
- utilitR, collaborative R documentation (Insee)
- Visualization Analysis and Design
- Visualization of Time-Oriented Data
- Visualize This
- Wickham, Çetinkaya-Rundel & Grolemund, R for Data Science, 2nd ed., 2023
- Wickham, Navarro & Pedersen, ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, 3rd ed. online↗
- Wikipedia — Data and information visualization
- Wikipedia in English↗
- Wilke, Fundamentals of Data Visualization, O'Reilly, 2019
Cite this entry
Stable addresshttps://dataviz.adrientaudiere.com/en/term/raw-data.html
ReferenceTaudière Adrien. 2026. raw data. In Visualization Vocabulary, version 1.0.0. IdEst. https://dataviz.adrientaudiere.com/en/term/raw-data.html
BibTeX
@incollection{taudiere2026-raw-data,
author = {Taudière, Adrien},
title = {raw data},
booktitle = {Visualization Vocabulary},
year = {2026},
version = {1.0.0},
publisher = {IdEst},
url = {https://dataviz.adrientaudiere.com/en/term/raw-data.html},
note = {CC0 1.0}
}Page created on 2026-10-13. Text last changed on 2026-10-13. Numbers computed on 2026-10-22.