diagram

R code of the ggplot2 example

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(palmerpenguins)

## Two components, species and islands, every species set against every
## island: the area of a square codes the number of penguins.
counts <- penguins |>
  count(species, island) |>
  tidyr::complete(species, island, fill = list(n = 0))

p <- ggplot(counts, aes(x = island, y = species)) +
  geom_point(data = filter(counts, n > 0), aes(size = n), shape = 15, colour = "#9b2367") +
  geom_point(data = filter(counts, n == 0), shape = 3, size = 1.5, colour = "#a6a6a6") +
  geom_text(data = filter(counts, n > 0), aes(label = n), colour = "white", size = 2.8) +
  scale_size_area(max_size = 22, guide = "none") +
  labs(title = "Only Adelies were sampled on more than one island",
       subtitle = "Penguins sampled by species and island, 2007–2009",
       x = NULL, y = NULL,
       caption = "Data: palmerpenguins (Horst, Hill & Gorman 2020)") +
  theme_lex_viz(grid = "xy", arrows = "")