pictogram

R code of the ggplot2 example

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(ggforce)
library(palmerpenguins)

## One penguin figure for ten penguins sampled, rounded to the nearest
## figure: body and head in the species' colour, a white belly and eye.
figures <- penguins |>
  count(species) |>
  mutate(figures = round(n / 10), row = 1.6 * rev(seq_along(species)),
         label = paste0(species, "\n", n, " penguins"))
icons <- figures |>
  rowwise() |>
  reframe(species = species, y = row, x = seq_len(figures))
beaks <- icons |>
  rowwise() |>
  reframe(species = species, x = x + c(0.17, 0.36, 0.17), y = y + c(0.6, 0.53, 0.47),
          id = paste(species, x))

p <- ggplot(icons) +
  geom_ellipse(aes(x0 = x, y0 = y, a = 0.3, b = 0.46, angle = 0, fill = species), colour = NA) +
  geom_circle(aes(x0 = x, y0 = y + 0.52, r = 0.2, fill = species), colour = NA) +
  geom_ellipse(aes(x0 = x + 0.05, y0 = y - 0.06, a = 0.17, b = 0.32, angle = 0), fill = "white", colour = NA) +
  geom_point(aes(x = x + 0.07, y = y + 0.58), colour = "white", size = 0.6) +
  geom_polygon(data = beaks, aes(x = x, y = y, group = id), fill = "#535353") +
  geom_text(data = figures, aes(x = 0.3, y = row, label = label, colour = species),
            hjust = 1, size = 3, lineheight = 0.9, fontface = "bold") +
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-2.4, 15.6)) +
  coord_equal() +
  labs(title = "Adelie was the most sampled species, 152 of 344 penguins",
       subtitle = "One figure for 10 penguins, rounded, Palmer Archipelago, 2007–2009",
       x = NULL, y = NULL,
       caption = "Data: palmerpenguins (Horst, Hill & Gorman 2020)") +
  theme_lex_viz(grid = "", arrows = "") +
  theme(legend.position = "none", axis.text = element_blank())