waffle chart

R code of the ggplot2 example

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(palmerpenguins)

## Percentages rounded to whole squares: 44 + 20 + 36 = 100.
shares <- penguins |>
  count(species) |>
  mutate(squares = round(100 * n / sum(n)))
stopifnot(sum(shares$squares) == 100)

## Ten rows of ten squares, filled from the bottom left, row by row.
squares <- tibble(species = rep(shares$species, shares$squares),
                  position = 0:99,
                  x = position %% 10 + 1,
                  y = position %/% 10 + 1)

labels <- squares |>
  group_by(species) |>
  summarise(y = mean(y)) |>
  left_join(shares, by = "species")

p <- ggplot(squares, aes(x = x, y = y, fill = species)) +
  geom_tile(width = 0.88, height = 0.88) +
  geom_text(data = labels, aes(x = 11, y = y, colour = species,
                               label = paste0(species, ", ", squares, "%")),
            hjust = 0, size = 3.5, fontface = "bold", inherit.aes = FALSE) +
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0.5, 17), expand = c(0, 0)) +
  coord_equal() +
  labs(title = "Over a third of the penguins are Gentoo",
       subtitle = "344 penguins of the Palmer Archipelago, one square per percent",
       x = NULL, y = NULL,
       caption = "Data: palmerpenguins (Horst, Hill & Gorman 2020)") +
  theme_lex_viz(grid = "", arrows = "") +
  theme(legend.position = "none", axis.text = element_blank())