area chart

R code of the ggplot2 example

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(gapminder)
library(ggrepel)

continents <- gapminder |>
  filter(continent %in% c("Africa", "Americas", "Europe")) |>
  group_by(continent, year) |>
  summarise(pop = sum(as.numeric(pop)) / 1e6, .groups = "drop")
ends <- filter(continents, year == max(year))

p <- ggplot(continents, aes(x = year, y = pop, fill = continent, colour = continent)) +
  geom_area(position = "identity", alpha = 0.25) +
  geom_line(linewidth = 0.8) +
  geom_text_repel(data = ends, aes(label = continent),
                  colour = continent_text_colors[as.character(ends$continent)], hjust = 0, nudge_x = 1.5, direction = "y", segment.colour = NA, size = 3.5,
                  family = "Quicksand") +
  scale_x_continuous(expand = expansion(mult = c(0.05, 0.17))) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = lex_number, expand = expansion(mult = c(0, 0.05))) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = continent_colors) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = continent_colors) +
  labs(title = "Africa's population passed Europe's in the 1980s,\nthen the Americas' in the 2000s",
       subtitle = "Sum of the population by continent, 1952 to 2007",
       x = NULL, y = "Population (millions)",
       caption = "Data: Gapminder, via the gapminder R package") +
  theme_lex_viz(grid = "y") +
  theme(legend.position = "none")